An impact analysis of traffic image information system on driver travel choice

A driver is one of the main components in a transportation system that influences the effectiveness of any active demand management (ADM) strategies. As such, the understanding on driver behavior and their travel choice is crucial to ensure the successful implementation of ADM strategies in alleviating traffic congestion, especially in city centres. This study aims to investigate the impact of traffic information dissemination via traffic images on driver travel choice and decision. A relationship of driver travel choice with respect to their perceived congestion level is developed by an integrated framework of genetic algorithm–fuzzy logic, being a new attempt in driver behavior modeling. Results show that drivers consider changing their travel choice when the perceived congestion level is medium, in which changing departure time and diverting to alternative roads are two popular choices. If traffic congestion escalates further, drivers are likely to cancel their trip. Shifting to public transport system is the least likely choice for drivers in an auto-dependent city. These findings are important and useful to engineers as they are required to fully understand driver (user) sensitivity to traffic conditions so that relevant active travel demand management strategies could be implemented successfully. In addition, engineers could use the relationships established in this study to predict drivers’ response under various traffic conditions when carrying out modeling and impact studies.     

Visitor Preferences for Public Beach Amenities and Beach Restoration in South Florida

Coastal erosion threatens many sandy beaches and the ecological, economic, social and cultural amenities they provide. The problem is especially chronic in South Florida. A frequent solution for beach restoration involves sand replacement, or nourishment, but is temporary, expensive, and has usually been funded by governmental sources. However, as such agencies reduce their share and require more local funding, beach nourishment must rely on other funding sources, including beach recreationists. Our study characterized three South Florida beaches and probed visitor willingness-to-pay for beach nourishment. We found that even beaches within close proximity attract different user types. Users are amenable to higher fees if they lead to greater resource protection.     

The impact of road grade on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of a passenger vehicle in real-world driving

To accurately estimate real-world vehicle emission at 1 Hz the road grade for each second of data must be quantified. Failure to incorporate road grade can result in over or underestimation of a vehicle’s power output and hence cause inaccuracy in the instantaneous emission estimate. This study proposes a simple LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) – GIS (Geographic Information System) road grade estimation methodology, using GIS software to interpolate the elevation for each second of data from a Digital Terrain Map (DTM). On-road carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from a passenger car were recorded by Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) over 48 test laps through an urban-traffic network. The test lap was divided into 8 sections for micro-scale analysis. The PHEM instantaneous emission model (Hausberger, 2003) was employed to estimate the total CO₂ emission through each lap and section. The addition of the LiDAR-GIS road grade to the PHEM modelling improved the accuracy of the CO₂ emission predictions. The average PHEM estimate (with road grade) of the PEMS measured section total CO₂ emission (n = 288) was 93%, with 90% of the PHEM estimates between 80% and 110% of the PEMS recorded value. The research suggests that instantaneous emission modelling with LiDAR-GIS calculated road grade is a viable method for generating accurate real-world micro-scale CO₂ emission estimates. The sensitivity of the CO₂ emission predictions to road grade was also tested by lessening and exaggerating the gradient profiles, and demonstrates that assuming a flat profile could cause considerable error in real-world CO₂ emission estimation.     

船舶/海工领域3D测试技术研究进展

介绍涵盖船舶/海工建造、运行及拆解全寿命周期3D测试技术。阐述基于3D激光扫描非接触式实船3D船形测试,以及基于水声学技术的水下3D测试技术研究进展。     

铁路货运服务质量评价探讨

铁路货运服务质量关系到铁路企业形象和效益。采取定性和定量相结合的研究方法,建立功能质量测评体系,根据货运部门自身的特点建立相应的技术质量量化测评体系,最终将指标数量值转化成评定的等级。并通过实例验证了该评价方法的现实性和可操作性。     

运用Capital Integrator CWS自动生成导线的方法

本文介绍了运用Capital Integrator中的CWS(综合布线)进行汽车线束中导线自动布线的方法,从车辆配置选项的维护、原理图的设计、拓扑图设计以及导线合成约束规则的制定到最后的导线生成进行了全面阐述,并着重对约束规则的制定进行了说明,通过使用该方法可大大提高设计工作效率并提高设计质量。     

汽车检测诊断新技术的应用

认为：随着电子技术和传感技术的进步，汽车诊断技术及设备发展非常迅速，在实行技术状况临测、不解体诊断、视情维修、强化管理等方面起着重要作用。重点介绍了功率平衡、点火系统、气缸、燃油供给系及起动系的检测诊断的方法、项目和设备。     

考虑水平荷载的公路隧道复合式路面表面拉应力分析

针对目前隧道复合式沥青路面表面出现受拉破坏的现象,为了揭示沥青层表面破坏的力学机理,运用三维有限元方法建立隧道复合式路面结构与荷载模型,分析垂直荷载与水平荷载综合作用下沥青层表面的拉应力,得出了影响沥青层表面拉应力的影响因素。并据此提出延长隧道复合式路面使用寿命的措施。     

数字摄影测量在交通事故现场勘查中的应用

对于交通事故现场的处理，目前主要使用拉皮尺、目击调查以及使用影像记录等简单的勘查手段，这对需要快速记录现场情况，然后迅速疏通交通，并在事后进行事故分析和责任认定等造成一定的困难。文章将数字摄影测量中的双像立体和单像纠正技术引入现场勘查，通过事后恢复有用的几何信息以及绘制符号化事故现场图，实现事故现场的可视化重现，为事故分析、责任认定和案例存档等提供了有效途径。为说明该方法的可行性和有效性，文中介绍了相关软件，并通过实验证明该技术具备精度高。自动化程度高以及使用简单等特点。     

SHRP沥青性能分级量度的探讨

利用SHRP胶结料试验仪器,基于表征沥青路用性能的流变力学指标,测试了不同标号、不同老化程度的道路沥青在一定适用温度范围内的性能特征.分析结果表明,胶结料高温指标车辙因子G＊/sinδ对于不同标号沥青的响应程度较低温指标劲度模量S明显偏大.也即,6℃量度的SHRP温度分级在反应不同沥青使用高温与使用低温性状的差异时并不协调.进一步分析得出,与目前针入度级方法比较,在评定试验沥青低温性能的量度方面,SHRP方法的温度分级量度偏大.